The classes are often touched upon issues related the differences between public television programming, the major commercial stations in Poland (read TVN and Polsat ). They give no doubt a large room to maneuver when it comes to the politicization, the advantage of advertising on the content, unreliability of feature films (TVN), poor technical quality (TVP) or cultural (Polsat). I know that many moviegoers from our year as a result of such a repertoire in all of the institutions of home TV is not being used. But for these three channels and their subsidiaries tele-world does not end. The price of three or four tickets to a movie can get Monthly access to professional movie channels, educational guidance, to choose the color, ie. Cable TV
In this post I'd like a bit to bring the story of the creation of satellite / cable TV (and because my thesis on the occasion stressed the important role played in the development of television station HBO : P). Drew up the following information pursuant to Article The Evolution of the Cables-Satellite Distribution System by Dr. Patrick Parsons . I think it will be useful in the further course of our study. At the beginning I would are explained, one, because I understand it took some time: Given a system of broadcasting television broadcast, called. "Satellites" (eg Cyfrowy Polsat) are no different from "kablówek" because in both cases, the message which comes to us comes from a satellite. Only that "no cable" convert this signal at their centers, where they have their satellite dishes and dosyłają it to us for cable homes, and at "satellite" pick up the signal our personal balcony "plate."
and 2001 can no man crew did not reach Saturn to explore a monolith, and in 2010 we do not have two suns, but that is another prophecy of Mr. Arthur C. Clarke, an engineer and has proved to be a writer. Clark described in 1945 his idea to put in orbit Earth three space stations. Transmitted signal of them could cover the whole of the Earth (as opposed to the normal signals from television masts.) Twelve years later the conquest of space began to take real shape, when the Russians fired into the sky Sputnik I. The U.S. government undertook similar measures For its part, and appointed a special government committees dealing with space exploration, and send into orbit a device that enables transmission of information, the Earth-Earth via satellite. The first commercial communications satellite was Early Bird, owned by Hughes Aircraft Corp. - established in 1963. The new "space" technique opened up extraordinary opportunities for broadcasters, primarily by speeding up transmission time. The problem, however, was the high price of satellite dishes, which stations to broadcast "from space", would have to buy. Also recipient of such a transfer would have to obtain a special receiving antenna. Major American television networks, which had a new, nationwide television network masts were not willing to expose himself to such costs. In the '60s and early 70th U.S. beer market has been three nationwide television stations: ABC , CBS and NBC . These were typical of stations' broadcastingowe ", also in the sense that the programming it to match the tastes of the widest possible audience. Until now, these networks have the largest audience, but their share in the market decreases.
the other hand, in those days began to flourish the local TV stations 'underground'. The so-called s CATV (cable televisions) have already appeared in late 40s In 1966, cable operators reached only 3% of all recipients. The range of each of the television was sometimes literally, depending on the length of cable available to the company "kablówkowa" in the area. There was a lot of these companies, and almost all had a very modest funds, as well as work on a small area: in 1966 there were 1,600 such firms, most of which had only after a few hundred subscribers. Actually, "cable" was in the beginning only an additional service, ordered an insignificant addition to the main korzytsania oligopolistic "broadcasting TV." With companies such as Mannhattanu kablówkowym residents could see the president's speech Saturday, retransmission, which was previously granted on NBC, and later cable TV subscribers in Brooklyn on Sunday, a replay of a program given earlier on ABC.
kablówkowe Companies do not have valuable infrastructure ready, so were very interested in using the opportunities broadcasting via satellites to larger areas, but they could not afford to buy such. Moreover, not only companies kablówkowe, but government agencies contributed to the development of small, diverse television programs: the conferences organized by NASA in 1967 and 1968 reported a vision of cable TV primarily as a binder of local, bottom-up instrument-building civil society, as well as a source of knowledge of medicine and other sciences (eg, had created the United Nations ogólnoglobalna station). In contrast to the "entertainment" station "broadcasting" stations were to be shaping the diversity and high level "content." Not even coined the term "NARROWCASTING. But as in the case of technology transfer, so in the case of creating "content", cable fixed the problem of lack of funds to create their own programs.
MIT professor JCR Licklider as one of the first to put forward the idea of \u200b\u200bcombining all the small businesses kablówkowych one. In 1969 the government put forward the demand to create one large network that would give such channels: weather, with documentary films and a special program transmits the Congress. Consolidation of small networks was inevitable. The first steps toward her had made the market leader, the company Teleprompter, combining into a single network all its branches (which together had 450 000 subscribers). In 1973, the first time through this network was in place an experimental satellite signal transmission, which took its reach television sets from coast to coast, USA. Thanks Teleprompterowi morning viewers can see and hear the greeting the President of Congress, and in the evening ... the evening saw a broadcast of boxing broadcast from Madison Square Garden. This material has been assigned under the contract which is signed with the company Teleprompter Home Box Office, which then acted as a cable in New York and parts of Pennsylvania. From now on we can talk about the company by providing a cable / satellite (in this case, Teleprompter, currently eg UPC, Cyfrowy Polsat, Canal + , and at stations kablówkowe producing programs - here, HBO). Earlier, a supplier provide one's own program.
HBO, originally called the Green Channel, was founded in 1965 by Chuck Dolan . Her interests soon began to buy in the media corporation, Time Life, Inc.., A small New York-based cable has become an innovator in the industry, because in 1971 became the first cable broadcast films (cinema), and sports programs. This activity proved so popular that an increasing number of other companies that provide cable TV with HBO signed the contract to distribute their program. At the end of the 30th September 1975 HBO won the "loan" from the Western Union their satellites, "Westar" to use it to broadcast a program to viewers who pay subscriptions all stations, which HBO had a contract. HBO program that day consisted of speeches of the President of the Government Commission for Communications, President of Time Inc., giving the film "Brother of the Wind" and "Alice Does not Live Here Anymore", and with great show of sports: boxing match between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier. The match went into history as the "Thrilla from Manilla." Selecting just the event was a great movement on the part of HBO: the duel was loud, long before he had a place, all the sports fans were eager to see him, and no "broadcastingowa" station had no chance to broadcast their transmission Live from the Philippines.
After the success of HBO's avalanche was the expansion of platforms kablówkowych, especially since shortly after the launch of HBO on the satellite arena and entered the second nationwide TV station: WTCG Ted Turner of Atlanta. In contrast to HBO, for "Superstacja" Turner kablówek subscribers do not have to pay extra - earned at each station in its entirety through the air broadcast in its advertising. (At least not have to pay directly, because the supplier kablówek, who signed the contract with Turner had to pay for its stations to 10 cents from each of its subscribers). Soon the orbit started to get crowded. In 1987 the world was more than 70 cable networks and in-orbit satellites transmit signals to about 2500 stations.
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